markst

Valuation of a Unitranche Loan.

A worked example of how Markst values a performing private-credit investment — from coverage test and methodology selection through market-based discounting, base-case pricing, and scenario testing.

Asset class
Unitranche (senior)
Engine
Deterministic DCF
Approach
Market / yield
Output
97–98 of par

A sponsor-backed, upper-middle-market unitranche.

The deal facts below are the inputs the valuation engine consumes. Every field is recorded on the deal version and carried into the run trace — nothing here is derived silently.

Borrower & deal profile
  • Sector
    Upper-middle-market
    Sponsor-backed
  • EBITDA
    £25m
  • Entry multiple
    10.0×
    EV / EBITDA
  • Enterprise value
    £250m
Capital structure
  • Unitranche loan
    £150m
  • Equity
    £100m
  • Debt / EV
    60%
    Loan-to-value
  • Equity cushion
    40%
    Of enterprise value
Loan terms
  • Coupon
    SOFR + 650 bps
    Floor 1%
  • Maturity
    5 years
  • Amortisation
    Minimal
    Bullet-like profile
  • Rank
    Senior secured

Enterprise value relative to debt.

The coverage test determines whether the facility is a performing credit or a distressed situation — and therefore which valuation methodology applies.

£250m
Enterprise value
60%
Loan-to-value
Debt · £150mEquity · £100m
Senior debt Equity cushion

The loan is covered by meaningful enterprise value, with a substantial equity cushion beneath it. On that basis it is treated as a performing credit rather than a distressed situation.

Methodology selectedMarket / yield approach

Coverage ≥ 1.0 and equity cushion intact — priced on a yield-based DCF rather than recovery.

Building the required market spread.

The required yield is derived from observable markets and adjusted for the characteristics of private credit — illiquidity and facility-specific credit risk.

Public leveraged loans · 450 bps+450Illiquidity premium · 200 bps+200Credit-specific adjustment · 50 bps+50
700 bps
Required spread
  • Public leveraged loans+450 bps
  • Illiquidity premium+200 bps
  • Credit-specific adjustment+50 bps
Actual loan spread650 bps
Required market spread700 bps
Under-pricing of 50 bps versus market

The loan pays slightly less than the return currently required by the market for similar risk. It should therefore be valued modestly below par.

Discount expected cash flows at the required yield.

The present value is the sum of expected cash flows discounted at the market-required return. No learned weights, no stochastic drift — the same inputs under the same engine version produce the same output on re-run.

PV=∑E[CFt]×discount factort
Present value = sum of expected cash flows discounted at the required market yield.

Because the required yield (≈700 bps) is slightly above the contractual coupon (650 bps), the present value of the facility falls below par.

The valuation, produced to IC-ready form.

The base-case run produces a single price, a confidence range, and a short narrative identifying the primary driver — the same surface the production platform emits on every mark.

Output
Base-case valuation
Base-case run · market / yield approach
Model price
97 – 98 of par
Valuation range
£145m – £147m
Status
Performing
Primary driver
Spread mismatch vs. market
Coverage
Strong
Stage (IFRS 9)
Stage 1
Fair-value level
Level 3

Base, downside, upside — same engine version, same inputs.

Bumping the operating thesis perturbs enterprise value, then the engine reprices with the same deterministic pipeline. The three scenarios below are weighted according to the published methodology and blended into the final mark.

Base case

Operating thesis holds

EBITDA
£25m
Enterprise value
£250m
LTV
60%
Valuation
~98% of par

Coverage and cushion as underwritten; price is driven entirely by spread mismatch versus the market.

Downside

Earnings contraction

EBITDA
£20m
Enterprise value
£160m
LTV
~94%
Valuation
90 – 92% of par

Reduced enterprise value weakens coverage and pushes the loan closer to stress territory.

Upside

Operational upside

EBITDA
£30m
Enterprise value
£300m
LTV
50%
Valuation
100 – 101% of par

Improved operating performance and stronger coverage support value at or slightly above par.

What this case demonstrates.

The example above shows how Markst values a private credit position using a structured institutional process — methodical, auditable, and grounded in market logic.

  1. 1Assess enterprise-value coverage. Is the facility performing, or is a recovery-based approach required?
  2. 2Select the appropriate methodology. Yield, recovery, or a blended path — chosen deterministically from the coverage inputs.
  3. 3Benchmark the required market yield. Public comparables, illiquidity premium, credit-specific adjustment.
  4. 4Discount expected cash flows. Contractual schedule, hazard-adjusted for credit loss, recovery on default.
  5. 5Test downside and upside. Reprice across named scenarios and blend on weights declared up-front.
  6. 6Produce a transparent valuation range. With rationale attached to the number, not assembled afterwards.

Run this analysis on your own book.

A short data-room trial produces the same views on your portfolio, against a reference date you choose.